Judicial power in Tatarstan is executed, according to the Constitution, by the Constitutional Court, the courts of general competence and the Supreme Arbitration Court.

Before June, 2000, the powers of the Constitutional supervision in the Republic were executed by the Committee for Constitutional Supervision of the Republic of Tatarstan. On June 29, 2000, at the third plenary session of the Tatarstan State Council the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan was formed. The Republican Committee for Constitutional supervision was abolished.

Courts of general competence include the Supreme Court of the Republic of Tatarstan and regional (town) courts. The Supreme Court is the supreme judicial body of the Republic which dispenses justice and exercises supervision over judicial activity of courts of general competence.

All courts are formed from elected judge's and people's assessors. Judges of the Supreme Court and regional (town) courts are elected by the State Council. People's assessors of regional (town) courts are elected at the meetings of citizens where judges reside or work. People's assessors of the Supreme Court are elected by the State Council for a five-year term.

The Supreme Arbitration Court is the supreme judicial body which administers justice on economic disputes.

Supervision over law observance is exercised by the Public Prosecutor of the Republic of Tatarstan and all prosecutors report to him. The Public Prosecutor is elected for a five-year term by the State Council, to which he is subordinate and accountable to. Deputy Public Prosecutors of the Republic of Tatarstan, regional, town and other prosecutors are appointed by the Public Prosecutor of the Republic of Tatarstan.